Medically reviewed by Melissa Ayala, RN

Winter is a time of cozy evenings by the fire, holiday cheer, and the beauty of a snow-covered landscape. But for many seniors, winter can bring a unique set of challenges.

The truth is that winter can be tough on older adults. The risk of falling increases, the cold can worsen existing health conditions, and the shorter days can lead to feelings of loneliness and sadness. Hypothermia, a dangerous drop in body temperature, is a serious concern. And let’s not forget the flu and pneumonia, which is more common during colder months and can be especially hard on seniors.

Despite the challenges, you can still enjoy a safe, healthy, and comfortable winter by following a few practical steps. From protecting yourself from illness to keeping your home warm and hazard-free, this blog covers everything you need to know.

How can seniors protect their health in cold weather?

Winter can bring extra health risks, but with a few simple steps, you can stay strong and well all season long.

Flu and pneumonia prevention

The flu and pneumonia are serious illnesses, especially for seniors. They can lead to complications like bronchitis, pneumonia, and even hospitalization. The good news is you can protect yourself with a simple vaccine.¹

Why get vaccinated? As we get older, our immune system becomes weaker, making it harder to fight off infections. The flu and pneumonia vaccines help your body build up protection against these illnesses.

• Where to get vaccinated: You can get your flu and pneumonia shots at your doctor’s office, local pharmacy, or even some senior centers.
• The high-dose flu shot: Ask your doctor about the high-dose flu vaccine, which is specifically designed for seniors. It contains a higher amount of the flu virus, which helps your body create a stronger immune response.
• Beyond the vaccine: Remember to wash your hands often with soap and water, especially after being in public places. Try to avoid close contact with people who are sick. If you feel like you’re coming down with something, contact your doctor right away.

Staying warm and avoiding hypothermia

Hypothermia is a dangerous condition that occurs when your body loses heat faster than it can produce it, causing a dangerously low body temperature. Seniors are more at risk because our bodies don’t regulate temperature as well as we age.

The symptoms of hypothermia include:²

• Shivering
• Confusion
• Drowsiness
• Slurred speech
• Slow, shallow breathing

If you notice these symptoms in yourself or someone else, seek medical attention immediately.

Managing chronic conditions in the winter

If you have a chronic condition like arthritis, diabetes, or heart disease, it’s important to take extra care during the winter months. Cold temperatures and dry air can increase chronic symptoms:³

• Arthritis: Cold weather can make joint pain worse. Try to stay active indoors and use warm compresses to relieve pain.
• Respiratory problems: Cold, dry air can irritate your lungs. Use a humidifier to add moisture to the air and avoid exposure to smoke and other irritants.
• Heart disease: Cold weather can put extra strain on your heart. Avoid strenuous activities outdoors and dress warmly.

If you have concerns about managing your chronic condition during the winter months, talk to your doctor.

Addressing seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

Seasonal affective disorder, or SAD, is a type of depression that occurs during the winter months when there is less sunlight. It can make you feel tired, sad, and irritable. SAD can also cause difficulty concentrating and changes in appetite or sleep problems.⁴

If you’re struggling with SAD symptoms, here are some coping tips that may help:

• Increase exposure to natural light: Spend time near windows during daylight hours or go outside for a walk.
• Consider light therapy: Use a SAD lamp, which emits a bright light that mimics sunlight.
• Engage in regular exercise: Exercise can help boost your mood and energy levels.
• Maintain a healthy diet: Eat a balanced diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
• Stay socially active: Connect with friends and family to combat feelings of loneliness and isolation.
• Talk to a doctor: If you're struggling with SAD, talk to your CenterWell primary care doctor about treatment options like medication or therapy.

How can seniors prepare their homes for winter?

Your home is your sanctuary, and many people end up spending more time at home in the winter than in any other season. Following these winter safety tips for seniors will help you stay safe, warm, and comfortable all season long.

How to safely heat your home in winter

A warm home is essential in winter, but it’s crucial to ensure your heating system is safe and working properly.

Furnace maintenance

• Annual inspection: Have your furnace inspected and cleaned by a qualified professional every year. This will help ensure it's running efficiently and safely.
• Carbon monoxide: A faulty furnace can leak carbon monoxide, a colorless, odorless gas that can be deadly. Regular maintenance helps prevent this.
• Filter replacement: Replace your furnace filter regularly (usually every 1-3 months). A dirty filter can restrict airflow and make your furnace work harder, increasing your energy bills.

Carbon monoxide detectors

• Essential protection: Install working carbon monoxide detectors on every level of your home, especially near sleeping areas.
• Testing and maintenance: Test your carbon monoxide detectors monthly and replace the batteries at least once a year (or as recommended by the manufacturer).
• Know the sound: Familiarize yourself with the sound of your carbon monoxide detector so you can recognize it at once if it goes off.

Space heater safety

• Keep it clear: Keep the heater at least 3 feet away from flammable materials like curtains, furniture, and bedding.
• Never unattended: Never leave a space heater unattended, especially when you're sleeping.
• Level surface: Place the heater on a level, stable surface.
• Direct outlet: Plug the heater directly into a wall outlet, not an extension cord.

Fireplace safety

• Annual inspection: If you have a fireplace, have it inspected and cleaned annually by a qualified chimney sweep.
• Spark screen: Use a fireplace screen to prevent sparks from escaping and starting a fire.
• Never unattended: Never leave a fire unattended.
• Ash disposal: Dispose of ashes in a metal container with a tight-fitting lid. Keep the container away from flammable materials.

Fall prevention tips for seniors

Falls are a leading cause of injury for seniors, and winter weather increases the risk. Taking steps to prevent falls both inside and outside your home is crucial.

H4: Indoor fall prevention

• Remove hazards: Remove tripping hazards like throw rugs, clutter, and electrical cords from walkways.
• Adequate lighting: Ensure adequate lighting throughout your home, especially in hallways, stairways, and bathrooms.
• Grab bars: Install grab bars in bathrooms, especially in the shower or tub and near the toilet.
• Non-slip mats: Use non-slip mats in showers and tubs to prevent slipping.
• Clear walkways: Keep walkways clear of furniture and other obstacles.

Outdoor fall prevention

• Clear snow and ice: Clear snow and ice from walkways, driveways, and steps as soon as possible.
• Salt or sand: Use salt or sand to prevent ice buildup.
• Good traction: Wear shoes with good traction, even when going out for a short time.
• Assistive devices: Consider using a cane or walker for added stability, especially on icy surfaces.

Exercise is also an effective way to improve balance and prevent falls – here are 4 great balance exercises for seniors.

Practical tips to winterize your home

Winterizing your home helps keep the cold out and the warmth in, saving you money on energy bills and making your home more comfortable.

• Seal windows and doors: Seal drafts around windows and doors with weather stripping or caulk.
• Use door sweeps: Use door sweeps to prevent drafts from entering under doors.
• Check your home’s insulation: Proper insulation helps prevent heat loss and keeps your home warmer. Check the insulation in your attic or walls. If it’s thin or damaged, add more insulation.
• Insulate pipes: Insulate exposed pipes, especially those in unheated areas like basements and crawl spaces, to prevent freezing.
• Know your shut-off: Know how to shut off the water supply in case of a burst pipe.
• Prepare an emergency kit: Assemble a winter emergency kit with essential supplies in case of a power outage or other emergency. Include:
  • Flashlight and extra batteries
  • First-aid kit
  • Non-perishable food (enough for several days)
  • Bottled water (enough for several days)
  • Warm blankets or sleeping bags
  • Medications
  • Battery-powered radio
  • Extra warm clothing

Winter emergency preparedness tips for seniors

Winter weather can sometimes lead to weather emergencies like power outages or severe storms. It’s important to be prepared for these situations.

Here are some tips that may help you during a power outage or other winter emergency:

• Report the outage: Know how to report a power outage to your local utility company.
• Backup heat: Have a backup source of heat, such as a fireplace or wood-burning stove (if safe to use). Never use charcoal grills or propane heaters indoors, as they can produce carbon monoxide.
• Flashlights and batteries: Keep flashlights and extra batteries readily available.
• Charged cell phone: Keep your cell phone charged during inclement weather situations.
• Emergency numbers: Have a list of emergency phone numbers readily available.
• Medical alert system: Consider a medical alert system that allows you to call for help in case of a fall or other emergency.

How can seniors stay connected during the winter?

Cold months can lead to social isolation, which can negatively affect your mental and physical health. It’s important to find ways to stay connected and engaged with others.

Here are some ideas for forming connections and staying social when it’s cold outside:

• Senior center activities: Participate in activities at your local senior center. They often offer a variety of programs, including exercise classes, social events, and educational workshops.
• Social groups: Join a book club, card group, or other social group that interests you.
• Volunteer work: Volunteer in your community. It's a great way to meet new people and make a difference.
• Stay in touch: Stay in touch with family and friends by phone, video call, or email.
• Invite friends over: Invite friends over for coffee, a meal, or a game night.
• Transportation services: Use transportation services for seniors to attend appointments, social events, and other activities.
• Online communities: Explore online communities and forums related to your interests. This can be a great way to connect with people from around the world.

Learn more about simple ways to reduce loneliness and isolation among seniors.

Winter doesn’t have to be a time of isolation and worry. With a little planning and preparation, you can embrace the season with confidence, knowing you’ve taken the necessary steps to protect yourself and your loved one.

Sources:

• “Flu and People 65 Years and Older,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, last accessed August 4, 2025, https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/65over.htm.
• “Hypothermia: Symptoms and causes,” Mayo Clinic, last accessed August 4, 2025, https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypothermia/symptoms-causes/syc-20352682.
• “How winter affects chronic conditions,” Harvard Health Publishing, last accessed August 4, 2025, https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/how-winter-affects-chronic-conditions.
• “Seasonal Affective Disorder,” National Institute of Mental Health, last accessed August 4, 2025, https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/seasonal-affective-disorder.