Medically reviewed by Andrea C Robbins, BSN RN

Are you sneezing more than usual this fall? Do your eyes itch and water every time you step outside? If so, you're not alone. Fall allergies can be a real nuisance, especially for seniors. Imagine missing out on beautiful autumn days because you're stuck inside battling a runny nose and itchy eyes.

The good news is that you don't have to suffer. This blog provides practical tips and information to help you manage fall allergies effectively and breathe easier this season. We'll cover everything from knowing your triggers to finding the right relief. Before jumping in, remember, it's always a good idea to talk to your doctor about your allergy symptoms.

How do fall allergies affect seniors?

Fall allergies are common, but they can be particularly challenging for seniors. As we age, our immune systems naturally weaken. This means seniors are often more susceptible to allergies than younger adults. Plus, many seniors have other health conditions, like asthma or COPD, that worsen with allergy symptoms. Allergies can also interfere with sleep, appetite, and overall well-being. Sometimes, allergy symptoms can even be mistaken for a cold or other illness, delaying proper treatment.

Common fall allergy triggers

The fall season brings with it a unique set of allergy triggers. Here are some of the most common culprits:¹

• Ragweed: Ragweed is a plant that releases tiny pollen grains into the air. It's a major cause of fall allergies, especially in late summer and early fall. Ragweed pollen can travel for miles, so even if you don't see it growing nearby, you can still be affected.
• Mold: Mold thrives in damp environments, like piles of fallen leaves, damp basements, and even bathrooms. When mold spores become airborne, they can trigger allergy symptoms.
• Dust mites: Dust mites are tiny creatures that live in dust and feed on dead skin cells. They're a year-round allergen, but indoor heating in the fall can stir them up, leading to increased allergy symptoms.
• Other potential triggers: Pet dander can be a problem if you're spending more time indoors with your furry friends. Certain weeds and occupational exposures (like working in a dusty environment) can also trigger allergies.

How do you recognize fall allergy symptoms in seniors?

Knowing the symptoms of fall allergies is the first step toward managing them. Allergy symptoms can vary from person to person, but here are some of the most common signs:¹

Nasal symptoms:

• Runny nose (clear, watery discharge)
• Sneezing
• Nasal congestion
• Itchy nose

Eye symptoms:

• Itchy, watery eyes
• Redness

Throat symptoms:

• Sore throat
• Postnasal drip

Other symptoms:

• Fatigue
• Headache
• Cough (especially at night)
• Wheezing (if asthma is present)

How do you know if it’s allergies or a cold?

It can sometimes be tricky to tell the difference between allergy symptoms and a cold. Here's a helpful comparison:²

Allergies typically don't cause fever or body aches, while colds often do. Cold symptoms usually resolve within a week or two, while allergy symptoms can persist as long as you're exposed to the allergen. If you're unsure, it's always best to see a doctor.

How can seniors manage fall allergy symptoms?

Fortunately, there are many things you can do to manage your fall allergy symptoms.

Home remedies and lifestyle changes

Making a few simple changes to your lifestyle can make a big difference:

Limit exposure:

• Keep windows and doors closed, especially on windy days.
• Stay indoors during peak pollen times (usually mid-morning and early afternoon).
• Use air conditioning with a HEPA filter.
• Delegate yard work (raking leaves) to someone else.
• Change clothes and shower after being outside.

Indoor environment:

• Use a dehumidifier to reduce mold growth.
• Wash bedding in hot water weekly to kill dust mites.
• Vacuum regularly with a HEPA filter vacuum cleaner.
• Consider using allergen-proof mattress and pillow covers.

Nasal irrigation: Use a saline nasal rinse or neti pot to clear nasal passages. You can find these at most drugstores. Be sure to use distilled or sterile water to avoid infection.

Hydration: Drink plenty of water to thin mucus and make it easier to breathe.

Finding allergy relief with medication

If lifestyle changes aren't enough, there are several medication options available.³ Just remember to always consult with your primary care doctor or pharmacist before taking any new medication, especially if you have other health conditions or are taking other medicines.

Antihistamines

Antihistamines work by blocking histamine, a chemical released by your body during an allergic reaction. There are two main types of antihistamines: first-generation (like diphenhydramine/Benadryl) and second-generation (like loratadine/Claritin, cetirizine/Zyrtec, fexofenadine/Allegra).

Second-generation antihistamines are generally preferred for seniors because they cause less drowsiness and are less likely to cause cognitive impairment. Even second-generation antihistamines can have side effects, so it's important to watch for them.

Decongestants

Decongestants help relieve nasal congestion by narrowing blood vessels in the nasal passages. Use decongestants with caution if you have high blood pressure, heart problems, or glaucoma, as decongestants may raise blood pressure.

Nasal corticosteroids

Nasal corticosteroids reduce inflammation in the nasal passages. They are generally safe for long-term use but may take a few days to start working.

Eye drops

Antihistamine eye drops can help relieve itchy, watery eyes.

Allergy shots (immunotherapy)

Allergy shots involve receiving regular injections of small amounts of the allergen to gradually desensitize your body. They are a longer-term treatment option and require a commitment to regular injections.

Talk to your doctor about the best allergy medicine for you. Second-generation antihistamines and nasal corticosteroids are often the safest and most effective first-line treatments.

When should you see a doctor about fall allergy symptoms?

Don't hesitate to seek medical attention if your allergy symptoms are severe or interfering with your daily life. If any of the following apply to you, reach out to your doctor for guidance:

• Your symptoms are severe and interfere with daily life.
• Over-the-counter medications are not providing relief.
• You have other health conditions that worsen because of allergies.
• You suspect a sinus infection (e.g., thick, colored nasal discharge or facial pain).
• You are experiencing wheezing or shortness of breath.
• You have any concerns about your symptoms or medications.

Fall allergies can be a challenge, but they don't have to ruin your season. By understanding your triggers, managing your symptoms, and working with your CenterWell primary care doctor, you can breathe easier and enjoy the beauty of fall. Take proactive steps to protect yourself, and don't let allergies keep you from living your best life.

Disclaimers:

Content contained on this page is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting any new fitness or dietary plan. References are provided for informational purposes only and do not imply endorsement of any website or other sources. For any health-related questions, contact your healthcare provider.

Sources:

• “Achoo! Learn More About Fall Allergies,” Cleveland Clinic, last accessed July 7, 2025, https://health.clevelandclinic.org/remedies-for-fall-allergies.
• “Cold or allergy: Which is it?” Mayo Clinic, last accessed July 7, 2025, https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/common-cold/expert-answers/common-cold/faq-20057857.
• “Allergy medications: Know your options,” Mayo Clinic, last accessed July 7, 2025, https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/allergies/in-depth/allergy-medications/art-20047403.