Key takeaways

• Cold weather can worsen chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) symptoms such as shortness of breath, coughing and wheezing.
• Colder temperatures increase respiratory symptoms and rescue inhaler use, but decrease lung function in people with COPD.
• Respiratory infections, which are more prevalent in cold weather, can make COPD symptoms worse.
• Precautions include dressing in layers, covering the mouth and nose outdoors, maintaining indoor warmth, using humidifiers, taking medications as prescribed and getting flu vaccines.
• Outdoor activity is still important for your overall health, but you have to take proper precautions before spending time in cold weather.

Cold weather doesn’t cause chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but it can make symptoms worse—especially for people living with bronchitis and emphysema. If you have COPD, chilly air can make it harder to breathe and increase your risk of getting sick. Let’s break down why that happens and how you can stay safe despite the cold.

Why cold air makes breathing harder

Cold, dry air can make breathing harder for people with COPD. It irritates the lungs and narrows the airways, which can lead to more coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath.

Temperature drops can also cause symptoms to spike quickly. Research shows that even a small dip in temperature can trigger coughing and phlegm fits.¹ In fact, a recent study found that for every 10°F (5.5°C) drop, people with COPD used their inhalers more often and had lower lung function for up to 3 days.²

Your body reacts in other ways, too. Cold air can cause a runny nose, congestion and even damage the lining of your airways. It may also lead to reflex bronchoconstriction (when your airways suddenly tighten).

Cold weather also makes it easier for viruses to spread. That means you’re more likely to catch a respiratory infection, which can worsen COPD symptoms. Ultimately, cold weather has been linked to more COPD flare-ups, hospitalizations and even higher death rates. And it doesn’t take long—just a few minutes outside can have an impact.

How to manage COPD in cold weather

Staying warm is important whether you’re outside or inside during the colder months. The key is protecting yourself and you can do that by using these tips.

Stay warm outside

• Dress in layers with a thermal base, insulating middle and windproof outer layer.
• Wear hats, gloves, and scarves to keep heat in.
• Cover mouth and nose with a scarf or mask to warm the air you breathe.
• Breathe through your nose—it helps reduce irritation. Keep moving to generate body heat.

Stay cozy inside

• Keep your home at a comfortable temperature.
• Use a humidifier to aid moisture to dry air.
• Wear warm clothes and use extra bedding or heated blankets.
• Close windows and draw curtains to keep the heat inside.

Other smart tips

• Exercise regularly (check with your healthcare provider first).
• Take your medication as prescribed.
• Get your flu shot every year.
• Avoid smoke, strong smells and chemical fumes.

Try deep breathing exercises like belly breathing or pursed-lip breathing.

Common questions about COPD and cold weather

Does cold weather make COPD worse?

Yes. Cold air can narrow and irritate your airways, making it harder to breathe. Studies show colder days lead to more inhaler use and lower lung function.

How does cold air affect the lungs?

It dries and tightens your airways, causing more phlegm, coughing and breathing trouble. It can also lead to congestion and airway damage.

Should people with COPD avoid going outside in cold weather?

No, not entirely. Staying active is important and good for your health. Just take precautions by covering your mouth and nose, dressing warmly and not staying outside for too long.

What are the top tips for managing COPD in the cold?

Layer up, keep your home warm, use a humidifier, take your medications as prescribed and get your flu shot.

Can respiratory infections in cold weather affect COPD?

Yes. Respiratory viruses spread more easily in cold weather. Infections like the flu can seriously worsen COPD symptoms. That’s why prevention is key.

How CenterWell Senior Primary Care can help

At CenterWell Senior Primary Care®, we’re here to support your health—especially during cold weather.

We focus on personalized care by making sure our doctors take the time to listen and tailor their approach to your individual needs. Whether you’re a Humana member or not, you can conveniently order prescriptions online and have them delivered right to your doorstep.

If you need support without leaving the house, CenterWell® offers home health services with a referral, so you can recover comfortably and safely. Our team is committed to a whole-person approach, caring for your physical, mental and social well-being. 

With experienced nurses, doctors, social workers and care coordinators working together, you can rest assured that we’ll support your overall health.

Need help? Find care near you or call 833-574-4079 (TTY:711), Monday – Friday, 8 a.m. – 11 p.m., or Saturday, 8 a.m. – 6:30 p.m., Eastern time, to learn more.

Sources:

• “Colder temperature is associated with increased COPD morbidity,” National Library of Medicine, accessed Oct. 16, 2025.
• “Does cold weather exacerbate COPD symptoms?” Medical News Today, accessed Oct. 16, 2025