Anxiety and depression are like heavy clouds that can block the sunshine from our daily lives. They are medical conditions that can change how a senior may feel, think, and act every day. These conditions aren't just feelings of sadness or worry that pass quickly; they are pervasive and constant, making it difficult for older adults to enjoy their golden years.

What’s the difference between anxiety and depression?

Anxiety in the elderly occurs when someone feels really worried or scared a lot of the time. These feelings can get in the way of doing everyday things. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), almost 1 in 5 adults deal with anxiety.¹

Depression is more than just feeling sad. It's a condition where a person might feel hopeless, lose interest in things they used to enjoy, and have a hard time finding the motivation to do anything. The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) says that around 17.3 million adults in America have depression.²

What causes these feelings?

It's not always clear why some people experience anxiety or depression. It's usually a mix of things that come together. Some of these things might include:³

• Trauma: Bad experiences in the past can sometimes lead to anxiety or depression later in life.
• Genetics: Sometimes, these conditions can run in families.
• Medical conditions: Having other health problems can sometimes make someone more likely to experience anxiety or depression.
• Life situations: Big changes in life, like losing a loved one or moving to a new place, can be hard and might trigger these feelings.
• Personality and lifestyle: The way someone usually handles stress, and their daily habits, can also play a role.

Spotting the signs

Anxiety and depression can show up in different ways for different seniors. Here are some things to look out for:

Anxiety symptoms

Anxiety in older adults can manifest in many ways. Here are some examples of specific types of anxiety:⁴

• Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD): Worrying a lot about everyday things like money, health, or relationships.
• Panic disorder: Sudden panic attacks that can feel really scary.
• Social anxiety disorder: A fear of being judged or embarrassed in social situations.
• Phobias: A really strong fear of certain things, like spiders or heights.
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): Having unwanted thoughts and urges to do certain things over and over.
• Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): Experiencing flashbacks or nightmares after a scary event.

Depression symptoms

Symptoms of depression may include:

• Sad, empty, or anxious feelings that last for a long time
• Feelings of hopelessness or guilt
• Having low energy
• Feeling restless or easily annoyed
• Loss of interest in activities
• Trouble concentrating
• Trouble sleeping or sleeping too much
• Changes in appetite or weight
• Aches and pains that don't go away
• Thinking about death or suicide

It's important to remember that not everyone will have the same symptoms. Also, men and women might experience depression differently.

What can I do to feel better?

The good news is that anxiety and depression can be treated. There are different ways to get help, and it's important to find what works best for each person. Talking to a therapist can be really helpful. There are different types of therapy, like:

• Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT): Helps to change negative thoughts and behaviors.
• Interpersonal therapy (IPT): Deals with problems in relationships.
• Problem-solving therapy (PST): Teaches how to deal with stress.

What are the different types of mental health professionals?

Knowing who to ask for help is the first step. Different mental health professionals have different roles or areas of expertise. Here are some examples:

• Psychiatrist: A doctor who can prescribe medicine and manage mental health care.
• Psychologist: A professional with a doctoral degree who can diagnose and provide therapy.
• Therapist/counselor: An expert who provides therapy in various areas.
• Social worker: A licensed professional who can help find resources for overcoming life's challenges.

Finding a therapist

If you’re uncertain about how to find a therapist or mental health professional, here are a few tips:

• Word of mouth: Ask your healthcare provider for a referral or seek recommendations from family and friends.
• National mental health organizations: These organizations often have referral lists of licensed professionals.
• Other resources: Check local senior centers, religious organizations, and mental health clinics for guidance on where to begin when seeking help.

Medications

Sometimes, medicine can help ease the symptoms of anxiety and depression. If you’re struggling with anxiety or depression, your doctor may prescribe one or more of the following:

• Antidepressants: These medicines help balance chemicals in the brain.
• Anti-anxiety drugs: These medicines can help calm anxiety.
• Beta-blockers: These medicines can help with the physical symptoms of anxiety, like a racing heart.

Talk to a doctor about the best medicine for you and take your medicine as prescribed, noting any side effects. When prescribing an antidepressant, your healthcare provider may consider:

• Your symptoms
• Possible side effects
• Whether it worked for you or a close relative
• How it interacts with other medicines
• Other health conditions
• Cost and insurance coverage

Helpful tips for taking medications

While medications may not cure anxiety and depression, they may greatly reduce the symptoms. Follow these simple steps to get the best results:

• Take your medicine as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Don’t stop taking your medicine without talking to your healthcare provider.
• Be patient when waiting for results. Keep in mind that it may take time for the medicine to take effect.
• Watch out for side effects. Talk to your healthcare provider about other options if the medicine is causing bothersome side effects.

Lifestyle changes that can help

Besides therapy and medicine, there are also things we can do in our daily lives to boost our mood and manage anxiety and depression. If you’re hoping to help with anxiety or depression symptoms through lifestyle changes, consider these suggestions:

• Get regular physical activity: Exercise is great for both our bodies and our minds.
• Eat a healthy diet: Eating nutritious foods can help us feel better overall.
• Get enough sleep: Getting enough rest is important for our mental health.
• Limit or avoid alcohol: Alcohol can sometimes make anxiety and depression worse.
• Limit or avoid caffeine: Caffeine can also make anxiety worse for some people.
• Use stress management techniques: Things like deep breathing, meditation, and yoga can help us relax.

Tips for boosting your mood

Here are some extra activities that may help to lift your spirits:

• Yoga or tai chi: These practices can help focus the mind and promote relaxation.
• Meditation: Taking time to quiet the mind can reduce stress.
• Deep breathing: Slow, deep breaths can calm the body and mind.
• Music therapy: Listening to music can improve mood and help with coping skills.

Mental wellness is a key part of healthy aging. By understanding anxiety and depression, seeking help when needed, and making healthy lifestyle choices, seniors can protect their mental health and enjoy a happier, more fulfilling life. Remember, taking care of your mind is just as important as taking care of your body. If you or someone you love is suffering from anxiety or depression, make time to find help.

Contact the nearest CenterWell Senior Primary Care center and schedule an appointment with a doctor who specializes in taking care of seniors.

Content contained on this page is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with your healthcare provider before starting any new fitness or dietary plans. References are provided for informational purposes only and do not imply endorsement of any website or other sources. For any health-related questions, contact your healthcare provider.

Sources

• “Anxiety,” National Institute of Health (NIH), last accessed on September 12, 2025 https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html
• “Psychotherapies,” National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), last accessed on September 12, 2025,  https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/psychotherapies
• “Mental Health Conditions,” National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI), last accessed on September 12, 2025, https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Mental-Health-Conditions/Depression/
• “Generalized Anxiety Disorder,”Mayo Clinic, last accessed on September 12, 2025, https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/generalized-anxiety-disorder